8 ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืกืง ื–ื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช BS

ืชื•ื›ืŸ:

ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคื’ืข ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืก '2 ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกืก, ืžื“ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื™ืงืจ ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืงืฉื” ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืžืจืคืื•ืช ื”ืคืœื”, ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ืืœื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื  'ื”ืœืจืฉื˜ื“ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื ื™ืžื” ืžื ืฆื—ืช. ื”ืžืกืžืš ื‘ืŸ 107 ื”ื“ืคื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื” ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ืช ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจ ื’ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’. ืื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืงืฆืช ื”ืฉืจืื”, ืœื”ืœืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.

ื’ื ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืคืกืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ืžืื– ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืื ื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ ืกืงืืœื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ืื• ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืกืชื•ื. ืœื ื›ืš ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฆืคื—ื”, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• 5-3 ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืจืฉื™ืžื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื›ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืคืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืงืคื“ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ื™ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคืœื” ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™. ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ื–ื•, ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช, ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืจืง 10 ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื”ืคืœื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื˜ืงืกืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ "ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™" . ืคืกื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืœื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืชื™ืช.

ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจ ืžืœืื” ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ื—ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ืจื’ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืจืง ืืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื˜ืงืกืก, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ SCOTUS:

ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก "ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ืžืจืื” ื›ื™, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืงื•ื“ื

ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืงื™ื“ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกืก ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ื•ื›ื— ืื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”, ื˜ืงืกืก ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœืืœืฅ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ superfacilities crammed-to-capacity.

ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื™ื—ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช, ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื›ื™ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืก ื”ืฆื™ืข.

ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก

Breyer ืคื™ืจื˜ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ื–ื• ืชืฉืคื™ืข ืœืจืขื” ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืงืกืก ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืจืคื•ืื™. ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ื–ื•.

ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื”ืชืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื•ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”, ืืš ืœื ืจืง: ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื”ืจืฉืื” ืœื”ืจืฉืื”, ื™ืจื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืœื•ืช ื—ืฆื™, ืž ื› 40 ืขืœ 20; ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž -40 ืง"ืž ืžืžืจืคืื” ื”ื•ื›ืคืœ, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -100 ืžื™ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ -150%, ื•ืžืกืคืจื ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 150 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ 350%, ื•ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 200 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื› 2, 800%.

ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช

Breyer ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืคืœื•ืช ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘:

... ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ HB 2, ื”ืคืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืžื•ื•ืช; ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื ื”ืœื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ืจืžืช ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื”; ื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -1.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœ -3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื”.

ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช

ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจ ืœื ืขืฆืจ ืืช ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืืจ, ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜, ืื™ืš ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ื˜ืงืกืก ืœื ืจืง ืœื ืฆื•ื“ืง, ืืœื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงืชื™. ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช:

ื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืจืฉืื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื ื˜ืœ ืžื•ืคืจื– ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืคืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื”.

ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื›ื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—.

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™, ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื”ืคืœื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื ื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื” ื ื—ื•ืฆื”.

Ginsburg ืขืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ื˜ืงืกืก ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช

ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”, ื•ื“ืขืชื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช, ืื ื›ื™ ืงืฆืจื”, ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื—ืกืจืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื” ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกืก. ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช:

ื–ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ื›ื™ HB 2 ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื, ื• ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง "ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืคืœื•ืช."

ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘,

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžืจืคืื™ื ืกื•ืจืจื™ื ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื™ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื.

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ื•ืจื’

ื”ืžื›ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื—ืกืจืช ืฉื—ืจ. ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื "ื›ืžื• HB 2 ื›ื™" ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืื• ื›ืœื•ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืืœื ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื stro ื”ืคืœื•ืช, "ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช."

ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืชืงื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื” ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื.

ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื

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