ืžืชื™ ืชืฉืžืขื• ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”?

ืชื•ื›ืŸ:

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ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”

  • ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™?
  • ืžื”ื• ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ?
  • ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” Heartbeat ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื™?
  • ืžื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžืกืžืœ?
  • ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืขื” Heartbeat ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืื ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ?
  • ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืœืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืช?

ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ืช ืฉืžื™ืขืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืจื’ืข ื–ื”. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืข, ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš. ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžื” ืœื“ืื•ื’.

ืžืชื™ ืชืฉืžืขื• ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”?

ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืชืฉืžืขื• ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงืš ื‘ -6 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกืจื™ืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื”ืกืจื™ืงื” transvaginal (TVS) ืขืฉื•ื™ ื’ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘. ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื’ืขื’ืข ืœืกืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื” - TVS ืฉืœืš, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืœืจ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื› 6 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืคืขื™ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ืจ, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ 10 ืื• 12 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืฉืžืข ืคืขื™ืžืช ืœื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื”.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™?

ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ 15 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ 4. ื–ื” ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ื“ืงื” ืื—ืช ืื• 60 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ 10 ืื• 20 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 6 ืื• 3 ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ 60 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.

ืžื”ื• ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ?

ืงืฆื‘ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื 110-180 ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœื“ืงื” (BPM). ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ. ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงืš ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืืฃ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขื“ 180 ืื• 190. ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš, ืืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ืœืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš ืœื”ื‘ื”ืจื•ืช.

ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” Heartbeat ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื™?

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ืœืš ืื—ืจืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืจืขื ืฉืœ ืกื•ืกื™ื ื“ื•ื”ืจื™ื. ืžืื– ืคืขื™ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืงืฉื” ืœืืชืจ ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื’ ืฉืœืš, ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฆืœื™ืœ swishing. ื–ื” ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื ื”ื–ื•ืจื ื“ืจืš ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ.

ืžื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžืกืžืœ?

ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืžืชืคืชื— ื›ืจืื•ื™. ืื ืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 7 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื• 8 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื“ื•ืคืง ืœื‘ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ื–ื•ื”ื” ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž 1 ืื—ื•ื–.

ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืขื” Heartbeat ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืœืŸ.

1. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืกืงื•ืค

ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื“ื•ืคืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืกืงื•ืค. ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืกืงื•ืค ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 18 ืขื“ 20 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืคืขื™ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืขื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืกืงื•ืค.

ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืกืงื•ืค ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืคืขื™ืžื” ื—ื–ืงื”. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ืœื ื™ ืขื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•. ื–ื” ื’ื ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ื–ืงื•ืช.

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2. ื”ื•ืจื“ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื

ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืงืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืคืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืš. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ืืช ืคืขื™ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš.

ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืืžื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.

3. ืงื‘ืœ ืฆื’ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืช

ืจื›ืฉื• ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืคืง ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื–ื•ืœ, ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื“ื•ืคืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš. ืืชื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ืคืขื™ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืขื“ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฆื’ื™ื ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื.

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืงื•ื ื” ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช.

4. ื“ื•ืคืœืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืช

ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื“ื•ืคืœืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœืš. ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ื ื•ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื” ืืช ื“ื•ืคืœืจ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ืœื™ ืงื•ืœ. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ืื™ื‘ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.

ื”ื“ื•ืคืœืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืจื—ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืชืฉืข ืื• ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืคื™ืœื• 12 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.

5. ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“

ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืชื–ืžืŸ ืกืจื™ืงื” ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื”ืชืื.

ื”ืื ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ?

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืžืชื— ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ. ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘- Pediatrics Development and Behavioral Pediatrics ื‘ -2003 ืื™ืฉืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืœื—ืฅ ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืงืฉืจื• ืžืชื— ืขื ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื’ื ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.

ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข. ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื›ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ืžืชื—. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืืœื” ืืžื”ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืœืจื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืช.

ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืœืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืช?

ื›ืŸ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืคืœืจื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืขื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื—ืœืงื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืš ืœื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ืืช ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื“ื•ืคืœืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืงื•ื ื” ืื• ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”- FDA. ื›ื“ืื™ ื’ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ.

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืฉื”ืื–ื ื” ืœื“ื•ืคืง ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืœื”ื™ื‘ื”. ืžืื– ื–ื” ื’ื ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš, ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ื ืจืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœืชืคื•ืก ื›ืœ anomalies ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื™ืชืš ื•ืœืชืขื“ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš ืื ืืชื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.

ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื

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