Abacus ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื - ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•

ืชื•ื›ืŸ:

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ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”

  • ืžื” ื–ื” ืื‘ืืงื•ืก?
  • ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืงื•ืก ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื
  • ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืื‘ืืงื•ืก ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื?
  • ืกืคื™ืจื” ืขื ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช
  • ืื™ืš ืœืœืžื“ ืขื ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืงื•ืก
  • ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืงื•ืก
  • ื”ื•ืจืืช ื›ืกืฃ ืขื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
  • ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื›ืคืœื” ืขื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
  • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืืงื•ืก ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืžืงื•ื
  • ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืื‘ืืงื•ืก ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช

ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชืŸ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžื’ืข, ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื•ืฆื‘ืขื™ื. ื–ื” ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื›ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืœืžื“ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”!

Abacus ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื”ื ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“.

ืžื” ื–ื” ืื‘ืืงื•ืก?

ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช 'abax' ืฉืžืžื ื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช' ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื˜ื— ืฉื˜ื•ื— ืื• ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ. ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืขืฉื‘ ื”ืชืคืชื— ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขืฅ ืžืžื•ืกื’ืจ ืขื ืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืื• ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ ืขืฅ. ื”ืขืฉื‘ ื”ืงื“ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ื— ืฉื˜ื•ื— ืื• ืœื•ื— ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ืคื’ื–ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ืจื•ืžื ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื›ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืžื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”. ืœืื‘ืงื•ืก ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ืืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข.

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืงื•ืก

ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœื™ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื•ืžืฆืื•. ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื• ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื ื˜ืื’ 'ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืงื•ืก ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื

ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื:

  • ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžื•ื—ื, aacus ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืคืชื— ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืง.
  • A ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื•ืก ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืœื ืจืง ืงื•ื’ื ื™ืฆื™ื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืืœื ื’ื ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ืข, ื”ืคืขืœืช ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
  • ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื•ื— ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื›ืžื™ืœื™ื ื’ืจื™ื“ื. ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื”.
  • ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš.
  • ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื”.
  • ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ืคืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• abacus.
  • ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“ืš ืžืฉืชืคืจ ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.
  • ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืœื™ืœื“ ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื”ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืื‘ืืงื•ืก ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื?

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืืงื•ืก ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื’ื™ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.

ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืš ื”ื:

  • ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™
  • ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืชืš ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸืš

ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” 'ื”ืชืื ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™'

  1. ื”ืชื—ืœ ืขื ื”ืฆื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื”. ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืืช ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืจื™ืงื”.
  1. ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืœืื˜ ื—ืจื•ื– ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืชื›ื. ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืœืš.
  1. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
  1. ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš; ื ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื–ื–.
  1. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ืื• ื™ื•ืจื“ ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืฉื“ืฉ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืืชื” ืžืฉืžืจืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื.
  1. ืื ื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
  1. ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ืคืขื•ื˜. ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื’ื ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืงื•ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืคื™ืจืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืขื•ื˜. ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.

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ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”

  1. ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ (ืื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช). ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื˜, ื›ืš ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื ืฉืืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
  1. ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืื ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ.
  1. ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื–ื–. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื“ื•ื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
  1. ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืื•ืชื ืœืžืจื›ื–.

ืกืคื™ืจื” ืขื ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช

ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื‘ืงื•ืก ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื:

  • ื•ื“ื ืฉืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื—ืจื•ื– ื ื›ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืงืคื“ ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืขืจืš ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื”
  • ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ืจื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื• ืื—ื“, ืฉื ื™ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”

ืื™ืš ืœืœืžื“ ืขื ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืงื•ืก

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช:

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืจืš ืœื›ืœ ื—ืจื•ื–. ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ืจื•ื–. ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
3 + 2 = 5. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”:

  1. ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ (ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืžืืœ)
  2. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ื”, ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืฆื‘ืข ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
  3. ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉื ื™ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” 5 ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.

ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ

Abacus ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” Vedic, ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืœืกืคื•ืจ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช. ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื”, ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื™ืขื–ืจื•:

ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” 10S

ื“ื•ื’ืžื”: 6 + 9 = 15

  1. ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืฉืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉื” ื•ืชืฉืขื” ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”.
  2. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื—ืจื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืขื“ ืชืฉืข ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” 10. Voila! ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ืžืฉ-ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืฉื‘.

ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื /

ื“ื•ื’ืžื”: 7 + 6 = 13

  1. ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืฉืฉ ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
  2. ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
  3. ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืจื•ื– ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืฉืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
  4. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื 5 ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจ
  5. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื”.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืงื•ืก

ื–ื” ืงืœ ื›ืžื• ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 8-6 = 2

  • ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืฉืžืจืช 8 ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ื”.
  • ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ื•ืก ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ.
  • ื“ื—ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ 6 ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื.
  • ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ 8-6. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ 2.

ื”ื•ืจืืช ื›ืกืฃ ืขื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช

ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืขื ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื”. ื“ืจืš ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื•ืืช ืžื›ืคื™ืœื™ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข.

  1. ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืจื•ืคื™ ืื—ื“, ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ ืจื•ืคื™, 5 ืจื•ืคื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข, 10 ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื”, 20 ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื”, 50 ืจื•ืคื™ ืคืชืง ื• 100 ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.
  1. ื—ืœืง ืžืขืฉืจ ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืฆืื™.
  1. ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 100 ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื›ืžื• 100 ืจื•ืคื™ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคื™ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื—ืจื•ื–.
  1. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ืจื•ืคื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ืจื•ื– ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื–ื”, ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ ืจื•ืคื™, ื—ืžืฉ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืื—ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 5 ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืขืฉืจื”. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื•ืคืš 100 ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื”.
  1. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ืขืจืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื– ืœ 1000 ืจื•ืคื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื—ืจื•ื– ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 10 ืจื•ืคื™.

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ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื›ืคืœื” ืขื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช

ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืœ multiplications, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช! ืœืื‘ืงื•ืก ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื—ืจืช; ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืคืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื”: 4 * 4 = 16

  1. ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืฉืžืจืช ืืจื‘ืข ืžืืจื‘ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™
  2. ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ืืจื‘ืข
  3. ืกื›ื•ื ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” 16. ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืš 4 * 4 ื”ื•ื ืจืง 4 + 4 + 4 + 4

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืืงื•ืก ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืžืงื•ื

ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืงืœื”.

  • ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืจื”.
  • ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช 0-9 ืขื ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 1 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื—ืจื•ื–.
  • ื”ื‘ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ 0-90 ื•ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืจื•ื– ื”ื•ื 10.
  • ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืขื 0-900 ืขื ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 100 ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื—ืจื•ื–.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืื‘ืืงื•ืก ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช

ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืงื•ื•ืก ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœืœื›ืช ืฆืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืชืช ืœื™ืœื“ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื”, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื:

ืžื” ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš?

  • ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืงืœื•ืช ืžืžืชืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืžืงืœื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื”
  • ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ืคื•ื“ื™ื ืœืงืฆืฅ ืื• ืžืงืœื•ืช ืืจื˜ื™ืง
  • 50 ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื, ืขืฉืจื” ืžื›ืœ ืฆื‘ืข
  • ื“ื‘ืง

ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”

  • ืžืืจืง ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืงื•ื•ื™ ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืžืงืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืžืžืชืงื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืงืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืงืœื•ืช ืืจื˜ื™ืง ืขืœ ื–ื” (ืฉื•ื›ื‘).
  • ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžืงืœ ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืง ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจื˜ื™ืงื™ื ืชืงื•ืข. ื”ืžืงืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืžืงืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืชืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
  • ืชืŸ ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ.
  • ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžืงืœื•ืช ืืจื˜ื™ืง ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืื•ืคืงื™ืช ืขื ืงืฆื” ื”ืขื˜ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™.
  • ืคืชื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ "ืขืฉืจ" ืœื›ืœ ืฉื•ืจื”.
  • ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืคืชื•ื— ืขื ืžืงืœื•ืช ืžืžืชืงื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืขื ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืง.
  • ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืงืœื•ืช ืืจื˜ื™ืง ื”ื ื“ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืขื ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืจื’ืข ืฉืœืš ืžื•ื›ืŸ.

ื”ืื‘ืงื•ืก ื”ื•ืคืš ืžืกืงืจืŸ ืคืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืืชื” ืœื•ืžื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืื—ื“ ืื‘ืงื•ืก ืื• ืฉื ื™ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื• ื›ืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื•.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืงืจื: ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช, 20 ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืœืื›ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื

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