13 ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื•ืฃ ืืžื”ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“

ืชื•ื›ืŸ:

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ืฉืžืขืชื, ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื™ ืคืขื, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืื•ืคื ื” ื—ื•ืœืคืช. ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ืš ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื. ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจ. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืื™ืš ืœื’ื“ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืงื ื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ "ื”ื‘ืœื™ื˜ื”" ืขืœ ื”ืืฃ ืฉืœื™, ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ "ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™" ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืง ืงืฆืช "ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™" ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื˜ืŸ. ื”ืงื ื˜ื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื™ 10 ืื• 13 ืื• 17 ื‘ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื”.

ื›ื”ื•ืจื”, ืื ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื— ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืžืชืืจืช โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื•. ืื ื™ ื’ื ืฉืžื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื’ื ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™, ื•ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืขืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื“ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืคื ื™ื ื™ื ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืขื ืฉื ืืกืคื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš:

ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ื— ืขื ืขื™ืจื•ื (ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืื™ื)

ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื“ื ื™ "ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“" ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื’ื“ืœ, ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”, ืœืงื— ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื— ืขื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ื. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื™ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜. ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื (ืื• ืžืขื˜) ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื (ืœืœื ื‘ื•ืฉื”) ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ. .

ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื ื•

ื›ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ื• ืœืกืคืง ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื, ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื–ื” ืื• ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง (ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื›ืš). ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœืคืชื— ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืื›ื™ืœื”.

ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื ื•

ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™-ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช (ื›ืžื• ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื ืื• ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช) ืื• ื—ืžืœื” (ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื), ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ืื• ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื ื•. ืฉื•ื ื™ืœื“ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ, ืื ื™ ืืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ืœืš veg, ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ ืื• ืžืฉืงืœ.

ืื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ

ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืžื“ื™: ื–ื” ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื, ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ? ืื ืืชื” ืžื•ื“ืื’ ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืจื•ืš, ืืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ืžื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืชืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ).

ืื ื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื•

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืืžื”ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ืื• ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืจืš, ืื• ืื™ืš ื”ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ "ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™" ืื• "ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื“ื™", ืื• ืฉืžื ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืื• ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ . ืืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืคืชืข ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ.

... ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ "ืคื’ืžื™ื"

ืื™ื–ื” ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื—ืงืงืช? ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ื•ืจื“ ืกืคื™ืจืœื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืœื™. ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื—ืงืง! ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™, ื”ื ื’ื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.

ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื ื“ืœ ืขืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื•

ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช! ืงืงื™! ืคื™ืคื™! ื–ื™ืขื”! ื–ืจืข! ื›ื•ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื™ื ืžื’ื•ืคื ื•. ืืžื”ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืœื”. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืื ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืข ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืกืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื, ืขืœ ืœืžื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืจืข ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื, ื•ืœืžื” ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื ืื• ื’ื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.

... ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืชืœื•ื™ ืื“ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ", ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืจืกื™ื ื’ ื•ืงืขืงื•ืขื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืžืœื™ื“ื”. ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื ื™ืžื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื ืงื‘ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื”ื. ืจื‘ื™ื (ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื›ืœ, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ) ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื“ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื.

ืื– ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื›ืžื• ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื™ืคื•ืจ, ื•ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืขืจ / ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’. ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ื’ื™ืœื•ื— (ืคื ื™ื, ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืฉื—ื™, ื•ื›ื• ') ืชืœื•ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืœื”ื ืื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ืื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืœื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื• ืžืจืชื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ืคื•ืจ, ืืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื• ืื ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื (ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื™ืŸ).

ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ื ื ื•ืช, ืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ื ืœื”ื‘

ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ืื•ื ื ื•ืช ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืžื‘ื™ืฉ. ื›ืžื” ืœืคืชื— ืชืกื‘ื™ื›ื™ ืืฉืžื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื•ืฉื”. ืืžื”ื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืขืœ ื–ื”?

ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืคื” Ableist ืž ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•

ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืœื ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืืชื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœืš ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช.

ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ื™ืฃ, ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘

ืžื’ื™ืข ืจื’ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืจื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืขื“ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•. ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื˜ ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืฉืœื”, ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™, "ืœืžืฆื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื• ืคื ื™ืžื”" ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื– ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ' "ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืจืงื“ื ื™ืช", ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืœืจืงื“ื•ืช ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืจื•ืงื“ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืจื™ืงื•ื“ (ื•ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช) ืฆืจื™ืš ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื.

ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•

ื›ืžื” ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื (ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ "ื’ื•ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื™" ืื• ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืคื™ืŸ). ืื—ืจื™ื ื’ื ื™ื ืกื• ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ื ื” ืขืœ ืœืžื” ืžืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืคืกื™ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™.

ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื

ืืžื ืื—ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืื™ืš ื‘ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ bogging ืื•ืชื• ื•ื’ืจื ืœื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ืขื–ืจื” ืœื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ.

ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื

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