ื”ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš: 19-21 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื

ืชื•ื›ืŸ:

{title} ื”ืจืคืชืงืŸ

ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืคื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื—ืฆื•ืคื™ื! ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื–ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ืขื.


  • ื”ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš: 16-18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
  • ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช: ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืงืคื™ ื–ืขื
    ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœ - ื›ื•ืขืก, ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ ื•ืœื ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™. ืื‘ืœ, ื›ื‘ื•ื’ืจ, ืœืžื“ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื - ื”ื ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ืชืงืฃ ื–ืขื. ื›ืขืก, ืคื—ื“ ื•ืงื ืื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืชืงืฃ ื–ืขื. ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ; ื”ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ. ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื–ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช. ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื, ืืš ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. ื•ืืช ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ืขื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช (ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ). ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
    ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ืกื˜ืช ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฃ ื–ืขื.

    • ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชืขื ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืงืฃ ื–ืขื ืขื ื”ื›ืขืก ืฉืœืš, ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“.
    • ืชืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืกื—ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฆืืช ืžื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืขื•ื˜ืš ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืื• ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื“ืœืช ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ.
    • ื”ืฆืข ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืืกื•ืจ.
    • ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ืืœ ืชื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื™ื™ืฃ ืื• ืจืขื‘.
    • ืœืขืจื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš. ืื ืืชื” ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืช ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื“ืคื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืื˜ ืืช ืงื ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืชืงืฃ ื–ืขื.
    • ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื’ืจืช ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”, ืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืงื˜ื” ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจ. ืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืกื•ืืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
    • ืื ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื–ืขื ืžืชืคืจืฆืช ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ื•ื” - ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืงืœ! ื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื (ืื• ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื) ื•ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืคื™ ื–ืขื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื‘. ืืœ ืชืชืขืจื‘ ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืื• ืœื‘ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื–ืขื ืœื ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”. ื ืกื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืกื—ื” ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื‘.

    ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ. ืงืจืŸ Worlden ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
    ืื™ืš ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื
    ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื
    ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืคืชืงื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื”. ืžืคืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ื˜. ืื ื”ื ื–ืง ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš ืื• ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืŸ ืื– ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืŸ, ืื• ืคื™ืกืช ืฉืŸ, ื•ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื“. ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
    ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืคืชืงื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื”. ืžืคืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ื˜. ืื ื”ื ื–ืง ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš ืื• ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืŸ ืื– ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืŸ, ืื• ืคื™ืกืช ืฉืŸ, ื•ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื“. ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
    ืฆืžื™ื—ื”
    ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื•ืœื ืืช ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™. ื ืกื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืชืคืชื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ืš ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื‘ื. ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืžื™ื“ื” spurts, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื spurts ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”. ื”ื ื’ื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื. ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ - ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื™ืช ืžืจื’ืฉ, ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื - ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” (ืจื’ืจืก) ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืขื“ื›ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘.
    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื•ืœื ืืช ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™. ื ืกื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืชืคืชื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ืš ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื‘ื. ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืžื™ื“ื” spurts, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื spurts ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”. ื”ื ื’ื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื. ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ - ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื™ืช ืžืจื’ืฉ, ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื - ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” (ืจื’ืจืก) ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืขื“ื›ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘.
    ื ืขื™ื ื™ื—ื“
    ืื ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš ืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืกื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื–ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘. ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืก ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืงื—. ื”ื•ืจืื” ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš ืœืจื“ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืคืงื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
    ืื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืืชื” ืžื•ื“ืื’ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืคืฉ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืžื”ืจื•ืคื ืื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ืœื“.
    ืื›ื™ืœื”
    ื‘ืฉืขื” ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœื• ืกื›ื•"ื ืฉืœ ื•ืœืชืช ืœื• ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืฆืžืš, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื›ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ืื ืืชื” ืฉื ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื ืงื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื•.
    ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช
    ืžืฉื—ืง: ืœืฉื—ืง ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื
    ื”ืื ื’ื™ืœื™ืช ืืช Play Play? ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื—ืง ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืชืกืคืง ืœืš ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ืš! ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘- Play Group, ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื›ื™ืฃ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช Play ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ื”ื ื’ื ืžืงื•ื ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื”.
    ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช Play ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื•ืืฃ ื™ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•. ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• Play ื™ืฉ ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืฉื—ืง ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืœืคืจืกื ืขืœื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืขื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ Playgroup. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ www.playgroupaustralia.com.au ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช 1800 171 882.


    ืื›ื™ืœื”
    ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ
    ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืœืžื“ื™; ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืืœืจื’ื™ื”. ื ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืืœืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื—ืœื‘, ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื, ื“ื’ื™ื, ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ื ืกื• ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืขื“ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืื– ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื“ื™ืื˜ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืฉืœ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš.
    ืื™ ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืกืฃ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื’ื• ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืื›ืœ. ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™. ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื•ืช, ืืงื–ืžื”, ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ, ืฉืœืฉื•ืœื™ื, ืคืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืื•ืช. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืงืฉื” ื•ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืขืฆื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืื˜ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
    ืื™ ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืœืงื˜ื•ื– ืื™ื ื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ - ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืกื•ื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืื• ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืฉื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื™ื™ืขืœื ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ืื ื–ื™ื lactase ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื—ื•ื–ืจ. ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืœืงื˜ื•ื– ื”ื ื ืคื™ื—ื•ืช, ื›ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื•ืฉืœืฉื•ืœื™ื. ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื›ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืœื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืฉืœ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš, ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ืœืงื˜ื•ื– ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื™ - ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ. ื—ืคืฉื• ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฆืขื“ ื–ื”.
    ืชื™ื•ื’ ืžื–ื•ืŸ
    ืื ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื– ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืงื•ื ื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื. ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2002 ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉื“ืจืฉื” ืืช ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ืื– ื“ื’ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื™ื’ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, shellfish, ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื™ื’, ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ื—ืœื‘ ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘, ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื–ืจืขื™ื, ืคื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื™ื”, ืกื•ืœืคื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืฉืœ 10 ืž"ื’ / ืง"ื’ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื™ืŸ. ืจื•ื™ืืœ ื’ 'ืœื™ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื’ ื›ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
    ืชื™ื•ื’ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืืช ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืื˜ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื–ื”. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืคืกืง ืงื•ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืŸ newsagent ืื• ื—ื ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื. ืื• ืœืœื›ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“
    ืงืจื ืขื•ื“: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืชื—ืช ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืื™ ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืœืงื˜ื•ื– ื•ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืœื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“. ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ Food Standards World ื•ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“.

    ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ
    ืžืฆื ื ื”ื“ืจ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื.
    ืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœ ืคืขื•ื˜ืš ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
    ื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจ ืขืœ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 24-36 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.

    ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
    ืงืจื ืžืืžืจื™ื, ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืคืขื•ื˜ ืฉืœืš.


    ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ:
    ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ืงืœ ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืž ื”ื•ืจื•ืช SA, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ืืช ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื Worldn. ื›ืืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ PDF ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ืขื•ื“.

    ื”ืจืฉื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืจื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช - ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ืฉื™ื ื”, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืชื–ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื, ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“.

    ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื” ื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, Carol Fallows. ืงืจื•ืœ ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ "Worldn ื”ื•ืจื™ื" ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื” -80 ื›ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื ื™ื”ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžืขื˜ 18 ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื™ื ื•ืง. ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš Worldn ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื“ื”. (Random House, 2005).

    ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ืš ืื• ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื•, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื” ืžื”ืจื•ืคื ืื• ืžืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.

    ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจืช ืืช ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืื• ืžื™ืŸ. ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ.

    ื“ื•ืŸ ืขื ืืžื ืฉืœืš.

    ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื

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