ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ืœืงื•ืช ื•ื—ืš ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช

ืชื•ื›ืŸ:

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ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”

  • ืžื” ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื• Palates ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•?
  • ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืž ืฉืคืชื™ื ืฉืกื•ืข ื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข?
  • ืื™ืš ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ื• palates ื˜ื•ืคืก ืฉืกื•ืข?
  • ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช?
  • ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืคื” ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืื• ื—ืš
  • ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช
  • ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœืคืชื— ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืข ืื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข
  • ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืขื ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ื• ื—ื–ื” ืฉืกื•ืข
  • ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ืฉืกืขื™ื?
  • ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืกื•ืข / Palates
  • ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ืื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข
  • ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืขื ืฉืคืชื™ื ืื• ืฉืงื•ืฃ?
  • ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช?
  • ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ืš?

ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”. ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื”; ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืกื•ืขื”. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื—ืจื™ืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืคืชื™ื”ื, ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื. ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืกื“ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื. ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”.

ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœืฉืคืช ืฉืกื•ืขื” ืื• ืœื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื›ืš. ืื–, ืื• ื™ืœื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ืื• ื”ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืขืงื‘ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืชื•ืช, ืžืขืฉื ื•ืช ืื• ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื“ืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืกืขื™ื.

ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉืคื” ืื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื ื”ืื. ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืข ืื• ื—ื™ืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉ, ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื•ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช ืœื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื.

ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื’ื ื‘ืจืžื” 2 ืกืงื™ืจืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื” -18 ืื• ื” -20 ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.

ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ืื™ื ื• ื’ืœื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื’ ื”ืคื”. ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ืœืžื—ืฆื” ืจื™ืจื™. ื–ื” ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื•ื 3 ืขื“ 5 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœ. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ืืฃ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื ืจ ื ืจ ืื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืงืฉ.

ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ืื• ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ ืจืง ืขื ื ื™ืชื•ื—. ืื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื”, ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื 2 ืขื“ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื•ืื– ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื 6 ืขื“ 9 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ 9 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืกื•ืข ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืขื™ื, ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื, ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืจื•ืคืื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื•ืžื ืชื—ื™ ENT ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื.

ืื ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš, ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืชืœ ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื 9 ืขื“ 11 ืฉื ื™ื.

ืžื” ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื• Palates ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื•?

ืฉืคืชื•ืŸ ืฉืกื•ืขื” ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”. ืืฆืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื—ืจื™ืฅ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื—ืชืš ื‘ื•ืœื˜.

ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ืคื”. ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืคืขืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื’ื’ ื”ืคื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื•ื ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืื– ืืช ื’ื’ ื”ืคื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.

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ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืœืœื ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื”.

ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืž ืฉืคืชื™ื ืฉืกื•ืข ื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข?

ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื› -700 ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘. ื”ืกื“ืงื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ืืกื™ื™ืชื™, ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ ืื• ืžืžื•ืฆื ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™. ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ืœืงื•ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืœื ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื—ื™ืš ื”ืฉืกื•ืข ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื”.

ืื™ืš ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ื• palates ื˜ื•ืคืก ืฉืกื•ืข?

ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ 6 ืขื“ 8 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”, ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืจืงืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœืกืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ืืช ื”ืคื” ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื’ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง. ืื ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžืชืžื–ื’ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™, ืื–ื™ ืฉืคื” ืื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืขื™ื.

ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”, ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.

ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช?

ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ืื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืข ืื• ื”ื—ื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื ื™ื. ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื’ืจื™ืžืช ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ื•ืœื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื:

  • ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
  • ื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืขื ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
  • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืคื™ืœืคืกื™ื”

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ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืคื” ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืื• ื—ืš

ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืข ื•ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ:

  • ื™ืœื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืš ืื• ื‘ืฉืคื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืœื”. ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืžื”ืคื” ืืœ ื”ืืฃ. ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืคื˜ืžื•ืช ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื—ืฆื•ื™ ืžืคื•ืฆืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืš ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• / ืœื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
  • ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืืฃ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข.
  • ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ืœืœื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืคื’ื•ืžื™ื ืื• ื ืขืงืจื•.

ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ืื• ื”ื—ื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืขื ืจืžื” 2 ืฉืœ ืื•ืœื˜ืจืกืื•ื ื“ ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื” -18 ืื• ื” -20 ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ืคืขื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื ื•ืœื“. ืื–, ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืกืจื™ืงื”, ื•ื–ื” ื ื“ื™ืจ ืื• ื”ืจื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.

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ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœืคืชื— ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืข ืื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข

ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœืคืชื— ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ืื• ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื”ื:

  • ืืžื”ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœืขืฉืŸ, ืœืฉืชื•ืช, ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืกืขื™ื. ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืจื—ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
  • ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ืœืืžื”ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืคืจื›ื•ืกื™ื / ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืคืจื›ื•ืกื™ื, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืืงื ื” ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช Accutane ื•- methotrexate, ืื• ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ื“ืœืงืช ืคืจืงื™ื ื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ืื–ื™ืก, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืชื— ืกื“ืงื™ื.

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ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืขื ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ื• ื—ื–ื” ืฉืกื•ืข

ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ื•ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืข ื•ื—ืš ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื:

  • ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช. ืื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ืื– ื“ืœืงื•ืช ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
  • ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืขื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืืฃ.
  • ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืกืขื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืœืœื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืืฆืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ืกืจื•ืช, ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื• ื ืขืงืจื•ืช. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืš ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคื’ื ืจื›ืก ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืคื’ื ืจื›ืก ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ, ืœื”ืกื‘ ืื• ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืื• ืœืžื ื•ืข alveolus, ืžืกื˜ื™ืง ื’ืจืžื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืž ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘.

ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ืฉืกืขื™ื?

ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื•ืžืกื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื“ืงื™ื -

  • ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ ืžื ืชื— ืฉืžื‘ืฆืข ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืš.
  • ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
  • ืจื•ืคื ENT ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
  • ืžื ืชื— ืื•ืจืืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืœืกืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืชื™ืงืŸ ืืช ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื.
  • ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ื ื˜ื™ืกื˜ ืฉืžื™ืงื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
  • ื prosthodontist ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื” ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
  • ืžื˜ืคืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืื›ื™ืœื”
  • ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืื• ืื•ื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
  • ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ืœื“ ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืกื•ืข / Palates

ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ืื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื. ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื. ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืจื“ืžื” ืงืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืขืœ 9-12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.

ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ืขื“ 18 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืœื˜ืจืืกืื•ื ื“ ื”ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืขื” ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™, ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื•ื 6-12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื” ืžืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื. ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื’ื™ืœ 8. ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืืช ืงื• ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืžื•ืš ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช, ื”ืคืœื˜ื” ืœืฉื™ื ืœืกื“ืจ ืื•ืชื.

ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืฃ, ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื” ืœืืฃ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืœืกืชื•ืช. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื•ืคื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืœืงืช ืžื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™.

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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืคื” ืฉืกื•ืขื” ืื• ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืฆืžื•ื“. ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื ืฉืืจ ื–ื”ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช, ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืœื•ืื•ืจื™ื“ ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืขื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ toothette, ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืขื ืกืคื•ื’ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžื‘ืจืฉืช ืจื›ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืกืขื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.

ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืกื“ืงื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœืกืช ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.

ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช prosthodontic ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืกืขื™ื. ื–ื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื’ืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ืžืขืœื™ื•ืช ื—ืš ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“. ืืช prosthodontist ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื“ื•ืง ืขื ืžื ืชื— ืื•ืจืืœื™ ื•ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.

ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืขื ืฉืคืชื™ื ืื• ืฉืงื•ืฃ?

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื ืง ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื—ืš ืฉืกื•ืข ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืงื” ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืคื˜ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืกื“ืงื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืฉื“ ืฉืœืš ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืกื“ืงื™ื, ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื ืกื•ืช ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืงื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช, ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื—ื™ืš ืฉืกื•ืข. ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืš ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช?

ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืฉืกืขื™ื ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ื™ืžื ืข ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ, ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ืืœื” ื”ื ืจืง ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžื ื™ืขื” ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ืš?

ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืกืขื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—. ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื, ืชื•ืžืš ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ. ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื“ืจืš ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื”. ืงื— ืืช ืขื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช.

ืขื ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืกืขื™ื ืžืชื’ืขื’ืขื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื•ืืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉืกืขื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื. ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš, ืชืžื™ื›ื”, ื•ืงื‘ืœื”.

ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื

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