ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช

ืชื•ื›ืŸ:

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ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”

  • ืกื•ื’ื™ ื“ืœืงื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
  • ื“ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
  • ืœืžื” ื”ืกืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™?

ื–ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžื“ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืื“ื•ื ื•ื“ื•ืœืฃ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื. ืื ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืงืจื•ื, gunky ืื• ืื“ื•ื, ืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคืื ื™ืงื” ืจืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืžื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช, ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื.

ืกื•ื’ื™ ื“ืœืงื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช

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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื•ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง:

1. ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ (ืกื˜ืื™)

ืื ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš ื™ืฉ ืžื›ื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืคืขืฃ ืฉืœื•, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ ืื• hordeolum.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ื

ื–ื” ื™ื™ืจืื” ืจืš ื•ืžืœื ืžื•ื’ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืคืจื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืื• ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืงืฆืช ืงืจื•ื.

ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ืžื“ื‘ื™ืง ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ืฉืžืŸ ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืจื™ืกื™ื. ื–ื” ืœื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื•ืจื”.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ

  • Wet Wet ื“ื—ื•ืก: ืกื˜ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื ืงื– ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืื‘ ื•ืขืœ ืื™ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืžื˜ืœื™ืช ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ื•ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžืฉืš 15 ื“ืงื•ืช. ื”ื—ื•ื ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืœื” ื•ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื•ืงืŸ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” 4 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
  • ื”ืฉืืจ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•: ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชื ืกื” ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืื• ืœืกื—ื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื– ืืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืœื”. ื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืš ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
  • ืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื: ื ืงื• ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื˜ืœื™ืช ื—ืžื” ืื• ื›ื•ืชื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ื’ ืžืชืจื•ืงืŸ. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.

2. ืคื™ื ืงื™ / ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืœื—ืžื™ืช

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืœืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืคืขืฃ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืื• ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ื

ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืื“ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ pinkeye ืื• ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืœื—ืžื™ืช.

ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

ืคื™ื ืงื™ ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืืœืจื’ืŸ ืื• ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืคืขืฃ. ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ -

  • ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ - ืื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื™ืฉ ืงืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื pinkeye, ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.
  • ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ - ืื ืืชื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ staphylococcus, streptococcus ืื• Haemophilus.
  • ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช - ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื“ื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœืจื’ื™ ืœืขืฉืŸ, ืื‘ืง ืื• ื›ืœ ืืœืจื’ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ืคื•ื—ื•ืช, ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืžื™ื•ืช.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ

ืœืœื›ืช ืœืจื•ืคื ืžื™ื“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืชืœื•ื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื–ื”. ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืœื—ืžื™ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืจืคื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ื ื—ื” ืื•ืชืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื ืงื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื•ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืขืช ืœืขืช. ืื ื”ืชื ืื™ ื ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉื•ื‘.

3. ื—ืœื–ื•ืŸ

Chalazion ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืฉ ืื• ืฆื™ืกื˜ื” ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืคืขืฃ.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ื

ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ืืคื•ื ื”. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขืฆื‘, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืง ืื• ืžื›ืื™ื‘. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืฉื˜ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื™ืœื”.

ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

Chalazion ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื“ืœืงืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ื”ืขืคืขืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ

  • ืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื: ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืกื—ื•ื˜ chalazion. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžืฉื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช.
  • ื“ื—ื™ืกื” ื—ืžื”: ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื—ืกื•ื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ื ื™ืงื•ื–. ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื“ื—ื™ืกื” ื—ืžื”, ืจื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉืš 15 ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš 4 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
  • ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขื–ืจื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช: ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืจื•ืคื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื chalazion ืœื ื ืขืœืžืช ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื—ื™ืกื•ืช. ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื–ืจื™ืงื” ืื• ื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ ืœื”ืกืจืชื•.

4. Periorbital ื• ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ืช cellulitis

ืื ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื ืคื•ื—ื•ืช, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ periorbital or cellital cellulitis.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ื

ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื—ื•ื, ื ื–ืœืช ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืœื—ืžื™ืช.

ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

ื–ื”ื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขื™ืŸ ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ

ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžื™ื“. ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ ืœืจืฉื•ื ืžืฉื—ื•ืช ืื• ื–ืจื™ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื. ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืฉื ื‘ 2 ื™ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจื•ืคื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง.

5. Blepharitis

ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืžื•ื“ืœืง ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืžื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืจื’ื™ื–ื•ืช, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื“ืœืงืช ืฉืœืคื•ื—ื™ืช โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืฉืชืŸ.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ื

ื”ืจื™ืกื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืื ื“ืœืงืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืœืฆื“ ื“ืœืงืช ืฉืœืคื•ื—ื™ืช โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืฉืชืŸ.

ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

Blepharitis ื ื•ื‘ืข overproduction ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขืคืขืฃ ืื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™. ื–ื” ืœื ื’ื•ืจื ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืื™ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ืกื˜, chalazion ืื• ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืœื—ืžื™ืช ืื ืœื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ

ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืคืขืžื™ื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืชืžื™ืกื•ืช ืžืœื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ืฉืžืคื• ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื“ื—ื•ืก ื—ื.

6. ื—ืกื•ื ื“ืžืขื” ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ

ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืฉื ืžืจืžื–, ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ืžืขื•ืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ื—ื™ื.

ืฉืœื˜ื™ื

ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจื™ืงื” ื“ื‘ื™ืงื” ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืง ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื•ืจื™ืกื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื“ืžืขื” ื—ืกื•ื.

ื’ื•ืจื ืœ

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื—ื ืฉืœืš, ืจืงืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื“ืžืขื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชืžื•ืกืก ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื—ืœื•ืœื”. ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”, ื”ืจืงืžื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื•ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื—ืกื•ืžื” ื ืคืชื—ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืืช ืคืจื™ืงื” ื™ื™ืขืœื ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืžื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš. ืื ื”ืชื ืื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ 12-18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืจื•ืคื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื• ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—.

ื“ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช

ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ืžื” ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš:

  • ืžืจืชื™ื—ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ืฉืงื™ืช ืชื” ืœื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช. ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ืชื” ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœื ื™ืงื•ื– ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ืžื™ื. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืขืคืขืคื™ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™.
  • ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืœื— ืœืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ. ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฆืžืจ ื’ืคืŸ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืขืคืขืฃ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืงืฆืช ื”ืงืœื”.
  • ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืชืจื•ืคื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืื ื˜ื™ ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ืคื˜ืคืช ื ืงื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ื—ืœื‘ ืื ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื•ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš.
  • ืžืฉืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ื™ืกืžื™ืŸ ืคืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืœื”. ื”ื—ืœ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ืคื˜ื•ืฃ. ืœืคืจื— ื™ืกืžื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืคืงื˜ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ.
  • ืฉืžืŸ ืงืžื•ืžื™ืœ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ืงืžื•ืžื™ืœ ืœืžื—ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื• ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ. ื”ื—ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืคืขืฃ ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืชื ื”.
  • ืื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืงื‘ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื“ืžืขื” ื—ืกื•ื, ืœืขืกื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืฃ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืื—ื“ ืฉืœืš ืงืฆืช ื”ืงืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืื‘.
  • ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืจืง ืขื ืžืฉื—ื•ืช ืื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ืคืจื™ืงื” ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื” ื“ื‘ื™ืงื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ื™ื.
  • ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื—ื™ืกื” ื—ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื•ื ืคื™ื—ื•ืช.
  • ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ื’ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš.
  • ืื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืขื™ืŸ, ืื– ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื™ืกืชืœืงื• ืžืขืฆืžื.

ืœืžื” ื”ืกืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™?

ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืœืงื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืงืคื” ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ, ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื• 'ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืื• ืฉืœื”.
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื”ื "ืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื”ืงืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื›ื–ื” ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืชืคืชื—. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœืš ื”ืจื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื.

ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื

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